■ Direction You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of The quality of writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and the relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. ■ Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading
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Both reading and the lecture are about how humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. The writer says that they navigate themselves by the stars, just like early human sailors did. The lecturer, on the other hand, casts doubt on the claims made in the article. He argues that the evidences made by writer are actually not convincing.
First, the writer believes that humpback whales use stars to navigate since they are intelligent far more than other animals. However, the writer points out that intelligence does not indicates that those animals locate them by stars. He gives an example of ducks to make his point. Duck, one of the birds using stars to navigate, are not intelligent as whales are. He argues that it is their instinct, not the intelligence using stars to navigate.
Secondly, the writer mentions that it is likable that humpback whales orient themselves by some external objects as they move in straight lines. The lecturer refutes this argument. He believes that there is a different explanation for moving in straight lines. He believes that they orient themselves by magnetic filed, not stars. He puts forth his opinion by giving example of one of whale's organ, which helps them to sense the magnetic field.
Finally, the writer says that spy-hopping, which is an unusual behavior, is a strong evidence of his argument. He is of the opinion that they do spy-hopping when they are checking the stars to navigate. This point is challenged by the lecturer. He suggests that spy-hopping is not rare and it is done by other animals that does not navigate by the stars. He mentions that the sharks do spy-hopping not for navigating, but for looking for animals to hunt. Furthermore, He says that humpback whales sometimes do the actions during the days when there are no stars on the sky.