안녕하세요.
IELTS 고득점 멘토 2기, 9.0 가즈아입니다.
저번주에는 PARAPHRASING 에 대해서 다뤘었는데요, 내용이 많아 두개에 나누어 쓰게 되었습니다 ^^
모두 추석에도 공부하시느라 수고가 많으십니다 항상 읽어주셔서 감사합니다 ^^
만약 PARAPHRASING 이 궁금하신 분은 이전 칼럼글 읽어주세요ㅎㅎ
https://www.gohackers.com/?c=ielts/ielts_info2/ielts_method&type=url&uid=463155
그럼 나머지 이어서 PARAPHRASING 하는 방법 알려드리겠습니다
4. 가주어, 진주어 사용!
가주어 진주어가 뭔지는 다들 아시죠 ㅎㅎ 흔히 말하는 IT.. 이 가주어 입니다.
가주어가 없는 문장을 가주어 IT을 이용하면 PARAPHRASING 의 하나로 사용할 수 있습니다. ㅎㅎ
예를 들어서
Interacting with foreign stduents who have different points of view should be recommended.
=> It should be recommended to interact with foreign students who have different points of view.
It is necessary to pay attention to global economy issue.
=>Paying attention to global economy issue is necessary.
이런 식으로 가주어, 진주어 구문을 사용해서 쉽게 paraphrasing 을 할 수 있습니다.
만약
paying attention to international economy issue is essential
처럼 동의어로 뜻 까지 바꿔준다면 더욱 훌륭한 paraphrasing 이죠 ㅎㅎ
5. 5형식 문장을 접속사를 사용하여 변형하자!
5형식은 'S+V+O+O.C' 형태입니다. 즉 5형식 문장은 접속사 없이 두 개의 문장을 하나로 연결한 것이라고 생각하면 됩니다. 이런 접속사가 없는 5형식 문장에 접속어를 넣어서 같은 뜻을 가진 문장으로 만들어주면 이 또한 paraphrasing 이 됩니다 ㅎㅎ. 접속사는 Through, because of 등이 붙을 수 있죠 !
또는 5형식 문장의 목적어, 즉 O 를 주어, 즉 S로 빼서 바꾸는 방법도 있습니다
Fine dust makes people more liable to flu and even to the common cold.
=>People have become more liable to flu and even to the common cold because of fine dust.
SNS made people to be isolated from each other.
=>People were isolated from each other because of the SNS
Globalization of shopping allows consumer to buy things that they want all over the world.
=>Consumers are able to buy things that they want all over the world by globalization of shopping.
보면 위 아래 문장의 뜻은 같지만, 접속사를 더해주거나 목적어를 주어로 빼서
다른 형태의 문장으로 만들어 주었습니다 ㅎㅎ
6.전치사의 목적어를 주어로!
말 그대로 전치사의 목적어를 문장의 S로 바꿔주는 것입니다.
Students can have easy access to benefits related to education and exams by living in 대치동
=>Many benefits related to education and exams are easily accessible to students if they live in 대치동
Governments all over the world should pay attention to global warming.
=>Global warming is a something that goverments all over the world should pay attention to.
이런식으로요! ㅎㅎ
7.That 절 없애주기!
말 그대로 that 절에 속하는 주어를 앞으로 빼서 문장 전체의 주어로 바꿔주는 것입니다.
또는 that 절을 없애고 according to 를 붙이는 등으 방법도 있습니다 ㅎㅎ
Some people believe that using computers at school will help students to think creatively
=>Using computers at school is believed to help students to think creatively by some people.
that~~ 하던 절을 앞으로 빼고, using을 앞으로 뺴고 that을 없앴습니다. 그래도 의미는 같죠 ㅎㅎ
Many experts think that using air conditioner will cause more global warming
=>According to many experts, using air conditioner will cause more global warming.
According to 를 씀으로써 뒤에 that을 없앴습니다ㅎㅎ
8.부사구 활용하기!
부사구는 다들 아시겠지만 짧게 설명하자면 두개이상의 단어가 모여 문장안에서 부사의 역할을 하는 것입니다 ㅎㅎ
바로 이 부사구를 활용해서 한 단어인 부사를 뜻은 같지만 한단어 이상인 부사구로 바꿔쓸 수 있습니다.
즉 뜻은 똑같지만 형태만 다른 paraphrasing 의 맥락과 정확히 일치하는 거죠 ㅎㅎ
Students who can use computer can finish their assignment more efficiently
=>Students who can use computer can finish their assignment in a more efficient way
또한 It is clear.. 등의 부사구를 추가하는 방법도 있습니다
The smartphone has changed effectively the way we buy things
=>It is clear to say that the smartphone has changed effectively the way we buy things
The development of computer industry will influence on human
It is true to say that the development of computer industry will influence on human
It is clear to say, it is true to say that, it is safe to say that 등등으로 활용 가능 합니다 ㅎㅎ
9. 도치구문 이용하기
말 그대로 도치를 해주는 것입니다. 도치가 가능한 상황은
가정법 if의 생략 될 때, 부정어가 절의 맨 앞으로 나올 때,
so, neither이 절의 맨 앞으로 나올 경우, only + 부사구(구, 절)이 문장 맨 앞에 나오는 경우
이렇게 4개가 있습니다.
If I had completed my master's degree, I would have gotten a better job.
=>Had I completed my master's degree, I would have gotten a better job.
We had never experienced such incredible success.
=> Never had we experienced such incredible success.
위 두 문장들은 처음부터 도치가 가능한 형태의 문장이여서 도치를 해 주었습니다
물론 도치가 가능하지 않은 형태의 문장이여도 직접 변형을 하여 도치가 되게끔 바꿔줄 수 있습니다. ㅎㅎ
They went to the same high school and had the same English teacher
=>They not only went to the same high school and but also had the same English teacher.
= Not only did they go to the same high school but also had the same English teacher.
처음 문장은 언뜻보면 도치가 가능할 것 같지 않지만, not only,, but also,,,를 추가한 후에는
도치가 가능해지죠 ㅎㅎ
10. 보너스로 동의어 리스트
- Amazing — incredible, unbelievable, improbable, fabulous, wonderful, fantastic, astonishing, astounding, extraordinary
- Anger — enrage, infuriate, arouse, nettle, exasperate, inflame, madden
- Answer — reply, respond, retort, acknowledge
- Ask — question, inquire of, seek information from, put a question to, demand, request, expect, inquire, query, interrogate, examine, quiz
- Awful — dreadful, terrible, abominable, bad, poor, unpleasant
- Begin — start, open, launch, initiate, commence, inaugurate, originate
- Big — enormous, huge, immense, gigantic, vast, colossal, gargantuan, large, sizable, grand, great, tall, substantial, mammoth, astronomical, ample, broad, expansive, spacious, stout, tremendous, titanic, mountainous
- Come — approach, advance, near, arrive, reach
- Dangerous — perilous, hazardous, risky, uncertain, unsafe
- Describe — portray, characterize, picture, narrate, relate, recount, represent, report, record
- Destroy — ruin, demolish, raze, waste, kill, slay, end, extinguish
- Difference — disagreement, inequity, contrast, dissimilarity, incompatibility
- Do — execute, enact, carry out, finish, conclude, effect, accomplish, achieve, attain
- End — stop, finish, terminate, conclude, close, halt, cessation, discontinuance
- Enjoy — appreciate, delight in, be pleased, indulge in, luxuriate in, bask in, relish, devour, savor, like
- Explain — elaborate, clarify, define, interpret, justify, account for
- False — fake, fraudulent, counterfeit, spurious, untrue, unfounded, erroneous, deceptive, groundless, fallacious
- Fear — fright, dread, terror, alarm, dismay, anxiety, scare, awe, horror, panic, apprehension
- Get — acquire, obtain, secure, procure, gain, fetch, find, score, accumulate, win, earn, rep, catch, net, bag, derive, collect, gather, glean, pick up, accept, come by, regain, salvage
- Go — recede, depart, fade, disappear, move, travel, proceed
- Have — hold, possess, own, contain, acquire, gain, maintain, believe, bear, beget, occupy, absorb, fill, enjoy
- Help — aid, assist, support, encourage, back, wait on, attend, serve, relieve, succor, benefit, befriend, abet
- Hurt — damage, harm, injury, wound, distress, afflict, pain
- Idea — thought, concept, conception, notion, understanding, opinion, plan, view, belief
- Keep — hold, retain, withhold, preserve, maintain, sustain, support
- Make — create, originate, invent, beget, form, construct, design, fabricate, manufacture, produce, build, develop, do, effect, execute, compose, perform, accomplish, earn, gain, obtain, acquire, get
- New — fresh, unique, original, unusual, novel, modern, current, recent
- Part — portion, share, piece, allotment, section, fraction, fragment
- Place — space, area, spot, plot, region, location, situation, position, residence, dwelling, set, site, station, status, state
- Plan — plot, scheme, design, draw, map, diagram, procedure, arrangement, intention, device, contrivance, method, way, blueprint
- Put — place, set, attach, establish, assign, keep, save, set aside, effect, achieve, do, build
- Right — correct, accurate, factual, true, good, just, honest, upright, lawful, moral, proper, suitable, apt, legal, fair
- Say/Tell — inform, notify, advise, relate, recount, narrate, explain, reveal, disclose, divulge, declare, command, order, bid, enlighten, instruct, insist, teach, train, direct, issue, remark, converse, speak, affirm, suppose, utter, negate, express, verbalize, voice, articulate, pronounce, deliver, convey, impart, assert, state, allege, mutter, mumble, whisper, sigh, exclaim, yell, sing, yelp, snarl, hiss, grunt, snort, roar, bellow, thunder, boom, scream, shriek, screech, squawk, whine, philosophize, stammer, stutter, lisp, drawl, jabber, protest, announce, swear, vow, content, assure, deny, dispute
- Think — judge, deem, assume, believe, consider, contemplate, reflect, mediate
- Trouble — distress, anguish, anxiety, worry, wretchedness, pain, danger, peril, disaster, grief, misfortune, difficulty, concern, pains, inconvenience, exertion, effort
- True — accurate, right, proper, precise, exact, valid, genuine, real, actual, trusty, steady, loyal, dependable, sincere, staunch
- Use — employ, utilize, exhaust, spend, expand, consume, exercise
- Wrong — incorrect, inaccurate, mistaken, erroneous, improper, unsuitable